Analysis of Gravel Migration Patterns During Vibration Rolling and Their Impact on GCL Performance Based on DEM

In this study, a multilayer composite rolling model consisting of a rolling wheel, a protective layer, a GCL, and a support layer was constructed by the discrete element method (DEM).Soil compaction and gravel migration, and their effects on the GCL, were analyzed from a fine viewpoint, and three key indexes for the safety assessment of the GCL wer

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